今天小编给大家分享一下WPF自定义控件如何实现的相关知识点，内容详细，逻辑清晰，相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识，所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获，下面我们一起来了解一下吧。
方式一：基于现有控件进行扩展，如基于button进行扩展，UI可直接用xmal进行编辑设计，逻辑用xaml.cs进行编辑
方法二：直接创建wpf自定义控件
本文用方法二开展自定义控件！！！
1.自定义控件的内容在代码cs文件中，自定义控件继承自Control，ui界面可在Genric.xaml中定义。
2.在Generic.xaml中定义控件界面
<Style TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
<Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="0.1*" MaxWidth="5"/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
//自定义控件中的组成 ，需要定义x:name,后台代码需要用到，button中的DevName是后台cs中定义的依赖属性
<Rectangle Margin="1" x:Name="statusLed"/>
<Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="devBtn" Content="{TemplateBinding DevName}"/>
</Grid>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>上述界面中定义了两个控件，组成本自定义控件的外观显示。一个rectangle，用颜色对状态进行显示，一个button，是本自定义控件的主要内容，需要显示设备名称，Click事件/Command需要触发任务。
3.后台处理
3.1 定义自定义属性DevName
public string DevName
{
get { return (string)GetValue(DevNameProperty); }
set { SetValue(DevNameProperty, value); }
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty DevNameProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("DevName", typeof(string), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata("", new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevNameChanged)));
private static void OnDevNameChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
DevButton ctrl =sender as DevButton;
ctrl.DevName = e.NewValue.ToString();
}3.2 定义与前端界面UI元素对应的信息
private Rectangle statusLed;
private Button devBtn;
public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
//备用方法 Template.FindName(DownButtonKey, this) as Button;
statusLed = GetTemplateChild("statusLed") as Rectangle;
devBtn = GetTemplateChild("devBtn") as Button;
devBtn.Click += DevBtn_Click;
base.OnApplyTemplate();
}依据控件名称查找模板中的控件，并注册button的click事件
3.3 定义事件
private void DevBtn_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show(DevName);
}自定义控件主要就是上述几步。总体代码如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace WpfApp2
{
/// <summary>
/// Author:yut 2022-12-21
/// Function:自定义控件，用于设备的启停控制，同时显示设备的运行状态
/// <summary>
public class DevButton : Control
{
public DevButton()
{
SetCurrentValue(WidthProperty, 100d);
SetCurrentValue(HeightProperty, 25d);
SetCurrentValue(BackgroundProperty, Brushes.Yellow);
}
static DevButton()
{
DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(DevButton)));
}
private Rectangle statusLed;
private Button devBtn;
public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
statusLed = GetTemplateChild("statusLed") as Rectangle;
devBtn = GetTemplateChild("devBtn") as Button;
devBtn.Click += DevBtn_Click;
base.OnApplyTemplate();
}
#region 自定义属性
public int DevId
{
get { return (int)GetValue(DevIdProperty); }
set { SetValue(DevIdProperty, value); }
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty DevIdProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("DevId", typeof(int), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(-1,new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevIdChanged)));
private static void OnDevIdChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
DevButton ctrl = (DevButton)sender;
ctrl.DevId = (int)e.NewValue;
}
public string DevName
{
get { return (string)GetValue(DevNameProperty); }
set { SetValue(DevNameProperty, value); }
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty DevNameProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("DevName", typeof(string), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata("", new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevNameChanged)));
private static void OnDevNameChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
DevButton ctrl =sender as DevButton;
ctrl.DevName = e.NewValue.ToString();
}
public int DevStatus
{
get { return (int)GetValue(DevStatusProperty); }
set
{
SetValue(DevStatusProperty, value);
}
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty DevStatusProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("DevStatus", typeof(int), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(-1,new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevStatusChanged)));
private static void OnDevStatusChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
DevButton ctrl = (DevButton)sender;
ctrl.DevStatus = (int)e.NewValue;
ctrl.StatusBrush=(ctrl.DevStatus>0)?Brushes.Green:Brushes.LightGray;
}
public Brush StatusBrush
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(StatusBrushProperty); }
set
{
SetValue(StatusBrushProperty, value);
}
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty StatusBrushProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("StatusBrush", typeof(Brush), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(Brushes.LightGray));
#endregion
private void DevBtn_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show(DevName);
}
}
}<ResourceDictionary
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:ctrl="clr-namespace:WpfApp2">
<Style TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
<Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="0.1*" MaxWidth="5"/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<!--Fill="{TemplateBinding DevStatus, Converter={StaticResource IntToBrushes}}"-->
<Rectangle Margin="1" x:Name="statusLed" Fill="{TemplateBinding StatusBrush}"/>
<Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="devBtn" Content="{TemplateBinding DevName}"/>
</Grid>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</ResourceDictionary><Window x:Class="WpfApp2.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid>
<StackPanel>
<TextBlock Text="******************"/>
<local:DevButton DevName="电机" DevStatus="2"/>
<TextBlock Text="******************"/>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>运行效果如下：
